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![How do you declare a variable for two-dimensional arrays? How do you create a two-dimensional array? How do you access elements in a two-dimensional array? This section will address these issues. 8.2.1 Declaring Variables of Two-Dimensional Arrays and Creating Two-Dimensional Arrays The syntax for declaring a two-dimensional array is as follows: elementType[][] arrayRefVar; or elementType arrayRefVar[][]; // Allowed, but not preferred As an example, here is how you would declare a two-dimensional array variable matrix of int values: int[][] matrix; or int matrix[][]; // This style is allowed, but not preferred You can create a two-dimensional array of 5-by-5 int values and assign it to matrix using this syntax: Figure 8.2 8.2.3 Ragged Arrays Each row in a two-dimensional array is itself an array. Thus, the rows can have different lengths. An array of this kind is known as a ragged array. Here is an example of creating a ragged array: 8.2-3 As you can see, triangleArray[0].length is 5, triangleArray[1].length is 4, triangleArray[2].length is 3, triangleArray[3].length is 2, and triangleArray[4].length is 1. If you don't know the values in a ragged array in advance, but do know the sizes-say, the same as in the preceding figure-you can create a ragged array using the following syntax: Two subscripts are used in a two-dimensional array: one for the row, and the other for the column. The two subscripts are conveniently called row index and column index. As in a one-dimensional array, the index for each subscript is of the int type and starts from 0, as shown in Figure 8.1a. row index column index Figure 8.1 The index of each subscript of a two-dimensional array is an int value, starting from 0. Figure 8.1 To assign the value 7 to a specific element at row index 2 and column index 1, as shown in Figure 8.1b, you can use the following syntax: A Caution It is a common mistake to use matrix[2,1] to access the element at row 2 and column 1. In Java, each subscript must be enclosed in a pair of square brackets. You can also use an array initializer to declare, create, and initialize a two-dimensional array. For example, the following code in (a) creates an array with the specified initial values, as shown in Figure 8.1c. This is equivalent to the code in (b). 8.2-2 8.2.2 Obtaining the Lengths of Two-Dimensional Arrays A two-dimensional array is actually an array in which each element is a one-dimensional array. The length of an array x is the number of elements in the array, which can be obtained using x.length. x[0], x[1], ..., and x[x.length - 1] are arrays. Their lengths can be obtained using x[0].length, x[1].length, ..., and x[x.length - 1].length. For example, suppose that x = new int[3][4], x[0], x[1], and x[2] are one-dimensional arrays and each contains four elements, as shown in Figure 8.2. x.length is 3, and x[0].length, x[1].length, and x[2].length are 4. Figure 8.2 A two-dimensional array is a one-dimensional array in which each element is another one-dimensional array. Ant: [[] z = langlahrazy - new int[5][]; triangleArray[3] = new int[2]; triangleArray[4] = new int[1]; You can now assign values to the array. For example, Note: The syntax new int[5][] for creating an array requires the first index to be specified. The syntax new int[][] would be wrong. Check Point: 8.2.1 Declare an array reference variable for a two-dimensional array of int values, create a 4by5 int matrix, and assign it to the variable. 8.2.2 Which of the following statements are valid? Ant: [] = new int[2]; int[] x = new int[]; int[][] y = new int[3][]; int[][] z = {{1, 2}}; int[][] w = {{1, 2}, {2, 3}}; int[][] v = { {1, 2}, {2, 3}};](https://gotit-pro.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/f06297d6-186a-4809-8104-7383e1be49f5-300x425.png)
How do you declare a variable for twodimensional arrays How do you create a twodimensional array
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Here we have a vacuumcleaning agent that can sense the environmen and perform actions to move
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Q1 15 points The average person blinks once every four seconds or 15 times per minute You are
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Q1 – 15 points) The average person blinks once every four seconds (or 15 times per minute). You are to write a Python code that is given the blinking frequency for a person and then calculates the number of times that person would blink in a day.
There should be two inputs to your code, the number of blinks observed and the time period during which those observations were made. For example, you might observe a person for 30 seconds and count 8 blinks during that period. The code should then extrapolate the blink rate over a full 24-hour period.
For example,
Enter the number of blinks observed: 8
Enter the duration of the observation (in seconds): 30
That extrapolates to 23040 blinks in a day.
Enter the number of blinks observed: 8
Enter the duration of the observation (in seconds): 30
That extrapolates to 23040 blinks in a day.
![Large Integers Part #1 Largelnteger Class An array can be used to store large integers, one digit at a time. For example, the integer 1234 could be stored in the array num by setting num[0] to 1, num[1] to 2, num[2] to 3, num[3] to 4. However, for this class implementation, you might find it more useful to store the digits backward; that is, place 4 in num[0], 3 in num[1], 2 in num[2], and 1 in num[3]. For the sake of simplicity, we will be storing and manipulating only with positive large integers. Implement a class named Largelnteger that stores a large integer as an array of its digits. Class must extend HasState class (provided). This is needed to make sure clone() method is written correctly. Class must have the following: - Fields - Constant arraySize must be set to 23 - Partially filled array of integers of length 23 - int digitCount keeps the number of digits in large integer, e.t. how many elements of the partially filled array are used to store the number - No-argument constructor that stores number 0 in the array. Sets digitCount to 1 - Constructor that takes a string as a parameter. The constructor parses the given string and converts it into Large Integer by storing digits in the partially filled array. - Create a new custom Exception class called LargelntegerNumberFormatException. The constructor throws exceptions of this type when - string is too long to be stored as a 23-digit number or - when string is empty or - when the string contains non-digits and thus cannot be converted into a number. - Constructor that takes a number of type long as a parameter and builds an object from it by storing digits in an array. - This constructor also throws a custom LargelntegerNumberFormatException when a parameter passed to the constructor is a negative number. - getDigitCount() accessor to the digit count variable. - toString() method that converts an array into a string of numbers in the correct order. Number 12345 is converted into a string "12345" - add(Largelnteger) method that returns the sum of this integer and the one passed as a parameter. The method adds two large integers by implementing the usual "paper and pencil" addition algorithm. This is when the backward storage arrangement of those numbers in arrays will pay off. Carry-over will be easier to do when the integer is stored backward. - Create another custom Exception class called LargelntegerOverflowException. If the resulting number is more than 23 digits long, the add() method throws a LargelntegerOverflowException type exception. - Implement clone() method. - Make your class implement Relatable interface. Code of the interface is provided. Implement all three methods of the Relatable interface. Part #2 Polymorphic Class This class exists only to house one static method called isSorted(). The method must take an array of objects of type Relatable and check if the array is sorted with the help of methods of Relatable interface. The method returns true if the array is sorted and false if it is not. The whole purpose of this exercise is to illustrate the concept of polymorphism. The purpose of this class is to house three static methods. 1. Method void writeLargelntegerArray(Largelnteger[], String) takes an array of Large Integers and a name of a file as parameters. The method writes the contents of the given array into the given binary file (in binary mode). The method throws IOExceptions. The IOExceptions may originate in the methods but must not be handled. Instead, they must be propagated to the calling code. - Make sure to add implements Serializable to the Largelnteger class header. Binary IO will fail to work without that. 2. Method Largelnteger[] readLargelntegerArray(String) method reads the contents of a binary file with the given name as an array of objects of type Largelnteger. Assume you do not know the amount of data in the file. Read data one Largelnteger object at a time and store the objects in ArrayList first. After the end of the file has been reached, convert the ArrayList into a regular array of objects that can be returned from the method. - Please study EOFDemo.java code example to learn how to use exceptions when checking for the end of the file while reading from a binary file. - This method also throws IOExceptions. The IOExceptions may originate in the methods but must not be handled. Instead, they must be propagated to the calling code. 3. Method Largelnteger addLargelntegersFromFile(String) takes a text file name as a parameter. It reads an arbitrary number of strings of text from the file, converting them into Largelntegers as it reads. The Large Integers are added one by one to the running total with the help of add() method. The sum of all the Large Integers stored in the file as strings is then returned from the method. - The structure of the file may be imperfect. Some strings may contain corrupted data and will fail to be converted into Largelnteger. This must not interrupt the process of reading from the file. The corrupted string must be skipped over, and the next string must be read and converted. Use a try/catch block to catch and ignore LargelntegerNumberFormatException. - The sum of all numbers stored in the file may become too big to be stored in a Large Integer. In that case, a LargeIntegerOverflowException exception will be thrown by the add() method. If this happens, catch the exception and return a null value from the method. - This method also throws IOExceptions. The IOExceptions may originate in the methods but must not be handled. Instead, they must be propagated to the calling code.](https://gotit-pro.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/a2443259-5cf9-45ff-9909-fdcfa036711f.png)
![Title: Card Game Simulation using Stack and Deck Description: Create a program that simulates a simple card game using a stack and a deck of cards. The objective of the game is to implement basic card manipulation operations using stacks and to showcase the fundamental principles of a deck-based game. Suggested list of data structures: 1. Use a struct or class to store data about each card: struct Card { string suit; string rank; } 2. Use the following arrays or an alternative data structure for each of the following: a. Deck: An array to store the initially created deck of cards Card deck[52] b. Suits: An array to store the list of suits e.g., string suits[] = {"Hearts", "Diamonds", "Clubs", "Spades"} c. Ranks: An array to store the following ranks: string ranks[] = {"2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8","9","10","Jack","Queen","King", "Ace"} d. A stack to store the cards to be dealt. Struct cardsStack {} e. An array named hand that tracks 5 cards (handSize) given to the player. 3. You may also need to declare the following integer values: a. numberOfCards = 52 b. numberOfRanks = 13 c. numberOfSuits = 4 d. handSize = 5 Include the following functions: 1. Create an array of type Card, which holds a deck of standard playing cards (52 cards: 4 suits - hearts, diamonds, clubs, spades; each suit with cards 2 through 10, Jack, Queen, King, Ace). 2. Shuffle: randomly shuffle the deck of cards. 3. Store the cards in a stack using push. 4. DealCards: pop 5 cards from the deck of cards into an array of cards (hand) e.g., Hand[handSize] 5. Create a function to evaluate the user's hand by adding the corresponding values: The total value for a hand of 5 cards is between 11 and 69. 6. Generate a random number between 11 and 69 to represent the value of 5 cards played by the computer. 7. Compare the randomly generated value that represents the computer's score to the total value of cards held in the player's hand. The higher score wins. Output: 1. Print the deck of cards before shuffling 2. Print the deck of cards after shuffling 3. Print the player's hand and the randomly generated score for the computer 4. Evaluate and print the winner.](https://gotit-pro.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/ccd899b7-a388-49a5-aaa2-adf378ed1a05-300x397.png)
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